Projektiranje upravljanja mehatroničkog sustava zasnovano na dinamičkom oponašanju mehaničkog tereta

The paper presents and analyses rapid prototyping methods for the dynamic emulation of mechanical loads. Approaches can be applied in design, testing and validation of the mechatronic systems propelled by electric drives. Actual system (prototype) is replaced by the torque controlled electromechanical load, for which the required torque is calculated through the closed-loop control algorithm. The active load is connected mechanically to the drive shaft, using the clutch. Also possible applications in the control design for variable speed and torque drives are described. For the illustration of the method emulation of the pump mechanism is given.U članku se opisuje i analizira brza metoda dinamičkog oponašanja mehaničkog tereta. Pristup se može primijeniti za projektiranje, testiranje i provjeru valjanosti mehatroničkog sustava upravljanog elektromotornim pogonom, te posebno za prototipna ispitivanja. Aktualni sustav (prototip) je zamijenjen elektromehaničkim teretom, koji je upravljan momentom. Potrebni moment se računa iz zatvorene regulacijske petlje. Aktivni teret je spojkom mehanički povezan s pogonskom osovinom. Prikazane su također moguće primjene u projektiranju sustava promjenjive brzine i momenta. Za ilustraciju metode oponašanja tereta prikazan je pumpni mehanizam

Projektiranje upravljanja mehatroničkog sustava zasnovano na dinamičkom oponašanju mehaničkog tereta

The paper presents and analyses rapid prototyping methods for the dynamic emulation of mechanical loads. Approaches can be applied in design, testing and validation of the mechatronic systems propelled by electric drives. Actual system (prototype) is replaced by the torque controlled electromechanical load, for which the required torque is calculated through the closed-loop control algorithm. The active load is connected mechanically to the drive shaft, using the clutch. Also possible applications in the control design for variable speed and torque drives are described. For the illustration of the method emulation of the pump mechanism is given.U članku se opisuje i analizira brza metoda dinamičkog oponašanja mehaničkog tereta. Pristup se može primijeniti za projektiranje, testiranje i provjeru valjanosti mehatroničkog sustava upravljanog elektromotornim pogonom, te posebno za prototipna ispitivanja. Aktualni sustav (prototip) je zamijenjen elektromehaničkim teretom, koji je upravljan momentom. Potrebni moment se računa iz zatvorene regulacijske petlje. Aktivni teret je spojkom mehanički povezan s pogonskom osovinom. Prikazane su također moguće primjene u projektiranju sustava promjenjive brzine i momenta. Za ilustraciju metode oponašanja tereta prikazan je pumpni mehanizam

Investigations of earthing systems under steady-state and transients with FEM and experimental work

In this paper, investigations on the earthing systems with computational method, Finite Element Method (FEM) and experimental work are presented. The earthing systems in this study are of simple built which consist of three earthing systems configurations, 2, 3 and 4 rod electrodes for easy analysis and comparisons. The performance of earthing systems using both simulation and experimental techniques are investigated at power frequency and under transients. It was found that from both FEM and experimental work, the performance of earthing systems under transients is found to be 'non-linear' which its non-linearity cannot be neglected. By including the non-linear effect of soil under high currents, more accurate modelling of protective devices and their performance are hoped to be achieved in futur

Factors affecting the characteristics of earthing systems under transients by FEM

This paper investigates the effects of current magnitudes, steady-stage earth resistances, RDC, and threshold electric field, Ec on the characteristics of earthing systems under impulse conditions by using Finite Element Method (FEM). It has been reported in literature that there are three scenarios that can occur when the earthing systems are subjected under high impulse conditions as compared to its steady-state conditions, namely; (i) no difference in its resistance values between steady-state and impulse conditions, (ii) earth resistances under impulse were found to be lower than that at steady-state, and (iii) earth resistances were found to be higher under impulse than that at steady-state. It was found that the largest reduction in impulse resistance occurred for the earth resistance with the highest values for different factors; current magnitudes and Ec